Marty King Essay

Erik Erikson had some(prenominal) contributions to the field of psychology many of which involved his instructional theory. Erikson has been comp atomic number 18d to Sigmund Freud as twain men thinkd that humans develop in straddles. Erikson however, believed Freud to be misguided, as Erikson believed that developmental process is one which occurs through and throughout ones lifespan whereas Freud believed that a humans record developed by the age of five dollar bill (Chen, 2007). Erikson published many books on human development as tumefy as issues including the generation gap, changing sexual roles and racial tensions.This three-figure explore paper however, discusses Eriksons eight formats of development and how each stage correlates with symptoms of fringy personality disorder. Each of Eriksons eight developmental stages consists of certain elements (crises), which if non resolved will result in negative outcomes. The investigator believes that when crises ar not resolved within Eriksons developmental stages, it predisposes separates to borderline personality disorder.In order to prove this hypothesis, the researcher will conduct quantitative research on the causes and symptoms of borderline personality disorder and the negative outcomes of Eriksons eight developmental stages the phenomenological research will then be compargond. edge personality disorder has been widely studied over the past some(prenominal) decades however, there is limited research on what puerility (birth to age eighteen) attributes precede to the onset of BPD. Approximately two percent (up to ten million) of adults in the U.S. ar diagnosed with BPD accounting for twenty percent of psychiatric hospitalizations (NIMH, 2008) many cases of BPD go undiagnosed. patrimonial ingredients have been primarily studied in the past as the biological cause of BPD however recent research shows that forty to seventy-one percent of BPD patient role roles were sexually abused as children (NIMH, 2008), approximately seventy-three percent state physical abuse and unrestrained abuse and neglect are similarly commonly reported in BPD cases.These statistics indicate that there is reason to believe that childhood trauma could signifi sesstly predispose a person to BPD. charm research as to the possible causes of BPD has been conducted, the researcher proposes that a quantitative matter be conducted in order to collect phenomenological data from various studies, for semblance to Eriksons eight stages of development. The reason for this strategy is that by comparing the results of numerous studies, the researcher can produce the bigger picture, of what predisposes one-on-ones to BPD thus increase the probability of successful recovery.The researcher chose Eriksons eight developmental stages as model for comparison because the eight crises depicted in this model read the traumas indicated in many BPD cases. When the eight crises are not resolved, the res ults correlate with BPD symptoms. The researcher aims to prove that individuals who do not resolve the eight negative crises of Eriksons developmental model thus suffering some form of childhood trauma, are predisposed to BPD as adults. As mentioned previously, the information proving this hypothesis can be used to improve treatment options for BDP patients.The researcher for this study would manage to see a reduction in hospitalization as a treatment for BPD patients and instead implement alternative methods, such as assisting patients through Eriksons eight stages. Assisting patients through the eight stages will allow them to re-learn emotional skills and abilities such as lintel skills. The researchers pro background knowledge in BPD clinical work has allowed significant insight into the difficulties of BPD treatment.Due to the ample amount of physical and emotional energy needed to work with BPD patients many professionals tend to append affirmation of the history of fail ure and poor coping skills by treating the patient with sympathy instead of empathy. The researcher believes that understanding the think behind BPD patient behavior will improve the patients ability to improve poor coping skills. This change in professional behavior will reduce the feelings of being burnt out and threadbare because the professional will be able to support the success of the patient instead of doing the work for them.Currently, there is an attitudinal barrier between the professional and the patient which results in a failure to understand the condition of BPD. The researcher hopes to uphold an understanding of BPD patient behavior behaviors which many clinical professionals find exasperating. In increasing understanding of the development of BPD behaviors, clinicians will be better outfit to work with patients in an inclusive partnership rather than feeling they are exceeding appropriate boundaries. Literature ReviewEriksons viiis Stages of Development The Eig ht Stages of Development, the process of socialization, were developed by Erik Erikson in 1956 (Child Institute Center, n. d. ). Erikson had all-encompassing experience in psychotherapy including children and teens of all social classes. Erikson believed that each stage presented a psychosocial crisis in which an individual must experience, learn and resolve in order to successfully manage the next step. Eriksons eight stages are represented in Figure 1.The eight stages are based on the interaction of three different arrangements the Somatic system, the ego system, and the societal system (Keenan, p. 22, 2002). The somatic system refers to the biological processes of human functioning. The ego system are the central thinking and reasoning processes (2002) and the societal system is the process an individual goes through as he operates integrated into his society. Erikson believed that the eight stages occurred in order and each stage represented a crisis which had to be resolved by the individual.Whether the crisis was completed successfully or not would be the deciding factor on how successful the next stage would be. If the crisis was not mastered, then the individual would be ill prepared to deal with the next stage of development this trend would continue throughout all the stages. Erikson did believe that the eight stages were germane(predicate) throughout life and that he linked a crisis to each stage because that is when the crisis was most salient (Cohen, 2007). Oral-Sensory Stage.In this first stage (trust/mistrust), the first year of life is defined as the time for building trust this is well-mannered by the infant learning trust through the parent or caregivers actions and responses to the infants needs. Feeding is the focal even out of Eriksons first stage when the child cries for food, the parent will nutrition and comfort the infant. If the child is neglected, he will learn to be mistrustful. Erikson too believed if trust was not establi shed in the first stage, the child could become frustrated, withdrawn, suspicious, and will lack self-confidence (Sharkey, 1997).Muscular-Anal Stage. The second stage (autonomy/doubt) consists of ages one through two years old. During this stage the child is face with the development of abstemiousness which is accomplished by a supportive atmosphere. If basic trust was not developed in stage one, the child will have impediment in establishing self control in stage two, resulting in a lack of self-esteem (Sharkey, 1997). If the parent is too controlling, or does not provide enough structure the child can become doubtful of himself and the purlieu around him.