Environmental Problems

All cities experience environmental capers to a lesser or great degree, usu solelyy causing great obstruction to the developers that attempt to emend the urban environment. The brown agenda that obstructs this includes these issues* Waste* delinquency* picnic contamination* t unmatched* peeing supply* Environmental health* Urban ecosystemsWaste products and run out disposal* Solids from paper, packaging and toxic waste increase as the metrical composition and affluence increase* Liquid sewerage and industrial waste twain inauguration exponentially* Sewage control in Calcutta, India-during the monsoon season cloaca merchantman be seen pouring gloomy the side of the street where the drains be insufficient to cope.* Contamination and health hazards from poor systems of disposal, e.g. rat infestation and wetborne distempers* An object lesson of an MEDC problem of waste disposal is in the Bronx, south of New-York-rubbish continually clutters the streets, just deal in the squatter classtlements in Rio de Janeiro, brazil-nut tree.SolutionsSolutions to any problem be made much difficult by the lack of purchasable resources and the sheer scale of the problems faced.* Improved public awargonness-recycling etc, landfill sites, incineration plants and export to other(a) argonas (usually MEDC to LEDC)* culture of terminationive sewage systems and treatment plants including recycling of brown water supply system for industrial use* Rubbish management-refuse collection, and recycling by informal groups or councilsDereliction of land* Can obstruct development- due to a number of reasons-> Toxic leaks that enable a growth of development on the land> Unsightly atomic number 18as-abandoned argonas where buildings ar in ruins, e.g. C piece of cakeo, Egypt, the buildings decline that not restored-leaving them abandoned a gigantic safety hazard.* Dereliction alike occurs in MEDCs much(prenominal) as in the Bronx, New-York, during the 1970s la ndlords were burning down their properties to claim insurance money-the buildings atomic number 18 boarded up and left derelict and impossible to restore-resulting in brown field sites.Solutions* grading the ruins of buildings-and re-building on top.* Toxic leaks are very difficult to tackle-the ground has to be drained of the chemicals and this is a long and overpriced process. Brown field sites are very unattractive to developers-the sites are much much expensive and unforeseeable than green-field sites. There is the problem of toxic waste spilling up from the ground.* There are many schemes set up in the UK for demolishing va layaboutt or crumbling buildings-for example in Manchester many tower block houses are dismantled for redevelopment.Pollution of air* Major problem in most ontogenesis world cities.* The drive to industrialization brings with it inevitable problems, especially as lawmaking to protect the environment is a great deal non-existent or rarely enforced.* T he hidden frugality whoremonger add to the levels of pollution as small, unlicensed industries are set up in hatfuls homes or on rooftops. These industries release their pollutants into the air, land and water.* Air in Mexico City is so poor that sustentation it is like fume 60 cigarettes a day* Poisonous gas explosions at Bhapal killed 3300 bulk and seriously injured 150 000* Photochemical smog formation about related to urban sprawl* Not cause by traffic alone- agentive roleies, waste, incinerators and index number plants produce pollutants, especially were industrial plants are old* Some specialist chemical pollution-dangers of explosions etc* Issued of acid depositionSolutions* Closure of old factories and importation of mediocre technology, e.g filters, use of cleaner fuel, not coal or wood* Cars tail be fitted with catalytic converters, use of un-leaded petrol* Movement from private manoeuver to public-this is an example of green transport planning. This leave b ehinding pare the release of mischievous chemicals such as Carbon Monoxide (which can join on to the red declension cells and cause serious lung problems and correct death), Nitrogen Oxide etc caused by the factors mentioned.* Pollution levels can overly be monitored and guidelines be released over the levels of pollution in sealed areas.Noise* Rising car ownership-traffic congesting the roads presents a major kerfuffle problem-as the roads get busier and more congested the noise levels soar* Factories and role plants are a huge noise pollutant-especially in old factories-the oversized machinery is not fitted with silencers and is extremely noisy throughout the majority of the day* Dams and electric plants, mines etcSolutions* Reduce the amount of traffic on the roads-promote public transport etc* modify the factories with more advanced, quieter, machinery* Promote more energy efficient, quieter, electrical plants- i.e. wind turbines etcWater Supply* Overuse of ground wat er led to subsidence and swamp in Bangkok* Cities consume large amounts of water, especially as incomes start aquifier depletion, ground subsidence and low flow of rivers* Leaking sewers are also a major threat to the water supply-for example the villages of Kanpur or Varansi, India, leak untreated sewage into the Ganga-spreading disease through the villages in India.* The water supply can also become sullyd as inadequate sewerage facilities free the spread of harmful bacteria-can lead to death from water-borne disease-one of the biggest causes of high infant death rate rates.* Lack a clean water supply means that the guesss of disease are very high.* Water pollution> Untreated sewage from the Ganga from cities such as Kanpur or Varanasi> In urban areas, water pollution results from leaking sewers, landfill and industrial waste, including oil and chemicals> In more or less LEDCs, rustic pollution from fertilizers and manure is a problem> In near LEDCs, agricultural pollution from fertilizers and manure is a problem-leaking into the water supplySolutions* Reservoirs* Pipeline constructions (Development of drainage systems and sewers)* Desalination of salt water* Water conservation strategies* Control points-regulation etc* instalment sewage treatment plants in the largest river settlements* Providing low-cost sanitation facilities and bathing areas* build electric powered crematoria to skip the numbers of bodies being burnt on the river banks* Putting flesh-eating turtles in the river to clear up the body remains* Monitoring river quality to promise that water quality consistently improves* Promoting organic farming-elimination of chemical fertilizers and pesticides etcEnvironmental health* Air in Mexico City, Mexico, is so poor that breathing it is like come 60 cigarettes a day.* Chemicals such as Carbon Monoxide (which can attach to the red blood cells and cause serious lung problems and even death), Nitrogen Oxide etc* pollute water can spread diseases such as Cholera etc* These factors reduce the quality of life and life expectancy, and cause serious health problems-restricted breathing and rapid increase of contracting cancer etcSolutions- see solutions in tackling water contamination/air pollution etcIn conclusion, many problems have been tackled, only if throwing technology and capital at them does not instantly solve environmental problems. Recycling for example is not al behaviors a good way of reducing the build up of waste. For example in Manila, Philippines, children scavenge on refuse sites collecting cans for recycling. As well as being unpleasant, the risk of injury is high and any cuts will become infected.Development in urban areas is usually hindered by environmental problems-which come outs to be the worst factor to overcome due to the fact that the environment is very un co-operative and many problems are pushed under the carpet as such and the problems increase to un manageable levels-both in LEDCs and MEDCs. However, MEDCs seem to be developed quicker and at more sustainable levels-due to more money in the government-more resources and grants awarded. LEDCs are developed however, but it adopts a divide longer due to lack of money, resources and usually much more extremes of problems. An example of a LEDC scheme trying to improve urban areas is in India-The Ganga feat Plan-1986 the Indian government launched this to improve the water quality by* Installing sewage treatment plants in the largest river settlements* Providing low-cost sanitation facilities and bathing areas* Building electric powered crematoria to reduce the numbers of bodies being burnt on the river banks* Putting flesh-eating turtles in the river to clear up the body remains* Monitoring river quality to ensure that water quality consistently improves* Educating topical anesthetic people in the need for separation of sewage and house-hold waste lawsuit Studies that include environmental problemsLEDC sCalcutta, India* Western image is of filth and squalor- people lifespan in cardboard boxes and newspapers on the street or people school term on the top of buses in a people-jam.* Sewage pouring down the side of the street in the monsoon season.* These grim images of Calcutta reflect the enormous environmental problems faced result of both physical and human factors.Shanty towns- e.g. India etc* The shantytown is apparent to be found on inappropriate land.* Could be prone to flooding or is very steeply sloping, increasing the chances of a landslip.* It could be on a piece of land that has been badly polluted by a neighbouring industry.The shelters made of wood and high population densities increase the risk of disregard.Rio de Janeiro, Brazil* 1/3 of the population lives in favelas> In favelas, the shortage of utilities is continuous all utilities are below standard access.> Water is usually accessed by tapping into a water main that runs near the favela.> Only about 50% of the people living in favelas have access to an indoor toilet-the sewage then runs through open ditches and eventually runs up to street level-creating an marvellous health hazard.* Incineration of the waste can easily ignite many of the woody houses and cause people become sick due to the smoke.* Since the city a lot does not live up to its obligation to haul away the trash, it can build up on street and become a source for disease.Cairo, Egypt* South of the delta* Some squatter settlements* City of the dead-people live in the buildings for the tombs-no water system, sewage system, shops etc in this area-lack of provisions* Very crowded-people living on the roofs* trapping declines-the buildings crumbling-are not restored* Rubbish, waste, sewage problems* Pollution* Sewage systems broken-floods the streets* Rubbish-Christians recycle the rubbish from the dumps-but Muslims wont due to their religion-Might have pig products thereSolutions* Egyptian and British scheme-water sys tem-pipes set up for sewage all across the county-but slurry is pumped up to the streets from the construction-spreading disease etcMEDCsThe Bronx, New-York* unforesightful repairs-houses burnt down in 1970s to claim money off the government-landlords used to burn them down* Healthcare-poorer than the white area* Rubbish cluttering up the streets* People living on the streets* Air pollution from the city-the buildings and factories are old-not filter systems-lots of air pollution* Boarded up houses-dereliction-leads to brown field sitesHackney, London, UK* Lifts are smelly etc-people urinate in the lifts* Construction in the flats are failing, the rooms are damp, they are expensive to maintain* Elderly people contract pneumonia from the damp conditions-causes health problems like bronchitisSolutions* Demolishment of the blocks of flats* Rebuilding of flats-cleaner-easier to maintain-CCTV cameras set uphttp//www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/index.htmlEnvironmental ProblemsWhat is the impact of human occupation on the inwrought environment? Answer Humans are a part of the natural environment. Unfortunately, we have not yet learnt to moderate our activities in such a way as to help the environment. Human activities frequently lead to degradation of the environment. Impacts of humans include pollution land, freshwater creeks and rivers, seas and oceans, and air deforestation and destruction of habitats endangerment and extinction of flora and fauna species introduction of trespassing(a) and parasitic fauna and flora species to new areas increased desertification of land this often occurs because, when humans try to increase fertile land in one area, they must divert needed resources from another area altering natural waterways which can increase the risk of flooding Interfering with the natural fire cycles of an area (one cause of increased bushfire problems in Australia) overuse of natural resources, resulting in depletion of some of these resources climate variety show and the development of extreme weather conditions scientists exsert to debate how much humans actually stand to climate potpourri and/or global ferventing, but there is evidence that our activities do contribute in some part rising sea levels increased wearing of land as a result of mining or agricultural activities Mining activities not only can destroy the vegetation of the area, but can contribute to instability in the earths crust.There can be some neutral impacts. Native people in many lands lived in consent with their environment for thousands of years. The Native Americans and Australian Aborigines, for example, used only what they needed, and did not pollute their environment or alter it negatively and permanently. Fortunately, man is learning (a petite too late) that there are activities he can undertake to improve land he has already degraded. This may involve conservation, monitoring of and wrapped breeding programmed for endangered species restoring degrade d ecosystems by planting trees specifically inbred to the area, and removing introduced species removal of pollutant materials 3.Questions to consider What is the biggest environmental issue the earth faces? Where on the cosmos is this issue? Who does this effect? Why it is the biggest issue the Earth faces? What statistics or relevant information is worth k promptlying about your topic? What future concerns are there? The Biggest Environmental Problem The environmental problem that must be considered as the biggest is the orbiculate Warming. Temperature is slowly increasing all over the world. To understand this better it is also important to explain the greenhouse effect. The greenhouse effect in a summary Sunlight radiates from the sun, through space, to earths standard atmospheric state.The sunlight enters the atmosphere and hits the earth. Some of it turns to modify energy in the form of infrared light. The heat absorbs by surrounding air and land, which, in turn, mak es it warm. Infrared rays that are remitted into the atmosphere get trapped by the greenhouse gases. When the infrared light tries to go the atmosphere, some of it will be absorbed by the greenhouse gases and is remitted rearwards to the earth. The Infrared light that is remitted back to earth then warms it more. Some of the course occurring gasses in the atmosphere are carbon dioxide and methane. This is the way the earth keeps itself warm enough for human habitation.The problem is that more and more carbon dioxide are added into the atmosphere by burning fossil fuels for power, transportation, and producing mass quantities of goods in factories. As if this were not enough, thousands and thousands of trees are cut down for lumber, making them unable to take carbon dioxide out of the air and replace it with oxygen. One effect of Global Warming would be rising sea levels. If Global Warming rise the temperature at the ice caps, great amounts of ice will melt, letting all the fresh w ater flow into the ocean. Tons and tons of ice will melt if the temperature rises high enough with the cause of sea levels to dramatically rise. another(prenominal) effect of Global Warming would be severe weather. A change in temperature would mean a significant change in weather, in many places.As the weather grows warmer and more tropical, so does the weather. Many areas are experiencing changes in the weather as an effect of Global Warming step up winds, rains and storms. Not only considering reality as the victims of the Global Warming also must the animals be considered. Many animals may become endangered or extinct because of the climate change is, that are happening rapidly. Animals will materialize their homes disappearing when trees are cut down or dead because of drought. Drowning expertness also be a consequence when animals are over taken by water when rivers and streams rise. This will force people and animals together even more in an overpopulated world.With the fact that the greenhouse effect also will provide drought in certain areas forcing people and animals even more together and with less food than today. It is very easy to understand that people and animals will starve to death. The Global Warming does not only have a casual effect it also have affects on other things such as inflation. Because of crops being destroyed prices will rise, and in some areas it could mean prices rising so high that only a some would be wealthy enough to buy food. Global Warming also have an effect on the worlds economy and it could mean costs that mankind never could dream of. Action must be taken now before it is too late.